Profil épidémiologique de la COVID-19 dans la région de Tombouctou au Mali / Epidemiological profile of COVID-19 in Tombouctou region in Mali

Introduction : L'objectif de notre étude était d'établir le profil épidémiologique de la COVID-19 à Tombouctou. Matériel et méthodes : Il s'agissait d'une étude transversale descriptive des données de surveillance de la COVID-19 de la Région de Tombouctou du 3 avril au 1er octobre 2020. Nos variables d'intérêts ont été extraites de la base de données de surveillance et analysées sur Excel 2013. Les fréquences, taux et ratio ont été calculés. Résultats :Au total 1851 cas suspects en provenance de tous les districts de la région ont été testés à la RT-PCR dont 572 confirmés soit un taux de positivité de 30,90%. La tranche d'âge de 15-34 ans était la plus représentée avec une proportion de 48% de l'effectif des confirmés. Le sex ratio (homme/femme) des cas confirmés était de 2,67. La ville de Tombouctou était l'épicentre de la COVID-19. La région de Tombouctou avait un taux de dépistage d'environ 2‰ (1851/928.000) et a connu son pic entre les semaines 22 et 23 avec une létalité de 2,8%. Conclusion : Les jeunes et les hommes seraient les plus susceptibles d'être infectés par la COVID-19. Nous recommandons le renforcement de la sensibilisation pour le respect des mesures barrières

Introduction: The objective of our study was to establish the epidemiological profile of COVID-19 in Tombouctou. Material and methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of COVID-19 surveillance data from Tombouctou from April 3 to October 1, 2020. Our variables of interest were extracted from the surveillance database and analyzed with Excel 2013. The frequencies, rate, and ratio were computed. Results: Overall, 1851 suspects from all districts of the region were screened by RT-PCR, including 572 confirmed, which indicate a positivity rate of 30.90%. The 15-34 age group was the most represented with 48% of the confirmed cases. The sex ratio (male / female) of confirmed cases was 2.67. The city of Tombouctou was the epicenter of COVID-19. The Tombouctou region had a detection rate of around 2‰ (1851/928,000) and peaked between weeks 22 and 23 with a case fatality of 2.8%. Conclusion: Young people and men were most likely to be infected with COVID-19. We recommend increasing awareness of compliance with barrier measures.

Effect of Rice yellow mottle virus, Sobemovirus on the Contents of N P K Ca and Mg in Leaves of Infected Rice

Rice (Oryza spp) is one of the most important crops produced in the world. Rice production is dampered by environmental and biological factors including mainly pathogens, such as Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV), which is the most rice devastating viral disease in Africa: whereas, These factors can be overcome by using different methods such as mineral fertilization supplying. To identify nutrients for this constraint management, a study was carried out in controlled condition in a greenhouse situated at Felix Houphouët-Boigny University station at Bingerville. The rice variety named Bouake 189 was sown in pots using local soil as substrate. Fourteen days old seedlings were inoculated mechanically with isolate of RYMV. Fertilizers N, P, K 12, 24, 18 (200 kg/ha) and 100 kg/ha of urea (46% N) were applied respectively. The concentrations of N, P, K, Ca and Mg as well as protein content in leaves were determined likely. Chlorophyll measurement was obtained using Spad-505. The severity and the (AUSPC) of the RYMV were evaluated. The presence of the RYMV in the infected leaves was confirmed by serological analysis. The averages of the various parameters were compared by ANOVA 2 with software STATISTICA version 7.1. Results showed significant difference (p < 0.001) between the seedlings according to infection levels and highest concentrations of P (0.40%), K (1.10%), Ca (1.49%), Mg (0.39%) and chlorophyll (37.37) were recorded in the leaves of non-infected seedlings whereas those related to infected seedlings were of 0.39%; 0.75%; 0.67%; 0.24% and 21.23 respectively. This was contrasting with N and protein contents recording 2.41% and 15.04 for the inoculated plants and 1.75% and 10.95 for the healthy plants respectively. The average severity and viral load of Rice yellow mottle disease were reduced respectively from 6.22 to 3.88 and from 2.132 to 1.577 under the action of the mineral fertilization (NPK), hence improving rice growth and yield to be targeted.